Hello, this is Kamii from the production department.
This is the seventh installment of the "Professional Manager School" series.
Last time, we took a bird's-eye view of the website renewal project and talked about projects related to site development and production that Monosus, a web production company, has taken on.
What is important in linking these adjacent projects is to reach an agreement in the early stages of the project (requirements definition, basic design) and to create a mechanism for collaboration.
The seventh topic is " QCD in Design and Projects, Part 1. " I would like to talk about the importance of requirements definition and basic design, as well as points to keep in mind, using the construction industry as an example.
*QCD is an acronym for "Quality," "Cost," and "Delivery." These are three important evaluation axes for quantifying and understanding project requirements.
Series Table of Contents
1. About the development process model (Published on April 21, 2017)
2. About WBS Construction Part 1: Establishing a Project Framework (Published June 15, 2017)
3. Building a WBS: Part 2: Creating a Schedule and Budget (Published on August 22, 2017)
4. Basic knowledge of quality control Part 1 QCD (Quality, Cost, Delivery) (Published on October 18, 2017)
5. Basic knowledge of quality control Part 2: Standardization and quality management systems (Published on February 10, 2018)
6. Learn about the project before and after (Published on May 15, 2018)
7. QCD of Design and Projects Part 1 (←This Time)
What is design in the construction industry?
Projects in the construction sector (civil engineering and architecture) are roughly divided into the following four steps. In the civil engineering sector, steps 1 to 3 are carried out by construction consultants, and step 4 is carried out by general contractors.
The design is carried out in three steps to prepare for construction.
1. Basic plan : Developing a business outline, examining comparative plans, and planning the budget
2. Basic design : Design, review and selection of construction method comparison plans, general design/quantity calculation, rough construction cost calculation
3. Detailed design (implementation design): Creation of construction level drawings, quantity calculation, construction plan, construction cost calculation
4. Construction: Manufacturing, construction, construction management
1. Purpose of the Basic Plan
The basic plan is the process of organizing the required specifications for the planned facility, determining what needs to be considered and what is necessary to realize them, and setting the basic specifications.
We organize, verify, and analyze the functions required for the facility, and compile a basic plan that sets out the conditions, implementation methods, and policies for proceeding with design and construction.
Main business activities (basic plan contents)
・Organizing required specifications ・Drafting basic policy (concept)
・Research and consideration of business plans ・Organization and adjustment of various conditions such as related laws, related organizations, related peripheral businesses, etc. ・Consideration of business plan schedule ・Consideration of estimated construction costs (budget size)
In addition, the schedule and budget (construction costs) discussed here will be calculated based on standard prices and cost estimates for the construction method adopted, as well as surveys of similar cases.
The master plan summarizes the overall picture of the business from a " QCD " perspective.
・Quality: Requirement specifications, basic policy (concept)
・Cost: Estimated construction cost (budget size)
・Delivery: Business plan schedule
2. Purpose of the Basic Design
In the basic design stage, we develop and decide on the optimal design proposal based on the guidelines established in the master plan, taking into account various perspectives such as structure, ease of construction, economy, environmental friendliness, and design.
Main duties : Consideration of form, structure, construction method, design, etc. - Confirmation of compliance with relevant laws and regulations - Confirmation and adjustment of cooperation with related organizations and related surrounding businesses - Consideration of economic efficiency, environmental considerations, etc. - Preparation of basic design documents - Approximate quantity calculation - Construction cost calculation
Design drawings created during basic design (example)
- Location map (diagram showing the project scope)
・Overall layout diagram, longitudinal section diagram (layout plan of the entire project area, etc.)
・Standard cross-sectional view (standard cross-sectional view for the adopted structure and construction method)
- General drawings (standard floor plans, elevations, etc. for the adopted design, structure, and construction method)
In the basic design stage, the specifications, conditions, costs, and construction period required for constructing the planned facility are considered and determined, and then compiled into design documents.
・Quality: Basic design documents (design review materials, basic design drawings, structural calculations, environmental impact studies, approximate quantity calculations, etc.)
・Cost: Construction cost calculation ・Delivery: Verification and revision of the basic plan business plan schedule
3. Purpose of the detailed plan
In the detailed design, we conduct detailed studies required for construction (construction work) based on the basic plan and basic design. We consider the selection of materials and design processing while taking into account the construction cost, and compile the information required for construction cost estimates and construction in the form of detailed design drawings and quantity calculations.
In addition, based on these design documents, we plan, calculate and determine construction plans, procurement plans and order amounts.
Main business details , floor plans, longitudinal and transverse cross-sectional views (layout plan of the entire business area, cross-sectional views for construction, etc.)
・Detailed design drawings for structures, etc. ・Design calculations ・Quantity calculations by type of work ・Construction plans (schedule, machinery to be used, construction methods, tentative plans, etc.)
・Construction execution budget
Construction orders are placed based on the detailed design drawings and documents.
Detailed design involves documenting the "QCD" required for production and construction based on the decisions made in the basic design.
・Quality: Detailed design drawings, design calculations (quality requirements for production and construction)
・Cost: Create an execution budget based on the work-type quantity statement (production and construction order amount)
・Delivery: Construction plan (production and construction implementation plan)
This time, we talked about the design process using the construction industry as an example.
Construction work requires the procurement of materials and the preparation of facilities, which entails huge costs such as preparing large amounts of cement and steel, securing storage space for them, and securing a factory for assembly.
Therefore, the design process involves three major stages to refine the accuracy of the plan.
In the next article, I will continue to talk about building quality into the design, in "Design and Project QCD Part 2."
See you in September.